ELPA 5300 - Professional Needs of Individuals and Groups
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100/ELPA 5200 or ELPA 6100/ELPA 6200 Course increases student knowledge of measurement and evaluation of school outcomes; student guidance and development; adult learner development and learning patterns; foundations of the field of continuing professional development.
ELPA 5400 - Developing Learners Through Instructional Leadership
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100, ELPA 5200, ELPA 5300, or ELPA 6100, ELPA 6200, ELPA 6300. Course will address skills and competencies necessary for formulating goals with individuals or groups; planning for organizational change; planning and scheduling resource allocation and utilization; planning, developing, and implementing instructional programs, and assessing school curricula within a changing environment.
ELPA 5500 - Implementation Strategies: Making It Happen
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100, ELPA 5200, ELPA 5300, ELPA 5400 or ELPA 6100, ELPA 6200, ELPA 6300, ELPA 6400. Course will approach problem resolution as logical outgrowth of problem analysis, judgment formulation, plan implementation, task delegation, and resource management. Students will learn how to facilitate sound decision-making within the entire school community.
(3 credits) This course examines how group behavior affects organizational effectiveness, decision making, conflict resolution, and strategies for efficient group and task management. Through activities in this course, students will explore their leadership skills specifically related to groups and group social process. Emphasis will be placed on such topics as group decision-making, participation in groups, power and authority, and a variety of communication styles.
ELPA 5600 - Shaping the Quality and Character of the Institution
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100, ELPA 5200, ELPA 5300, ELPA 5400, ELPA 5500 or ELPA 6100, ELPA 6200, ELPA 6300, ELPA 6400, ELPA 6500. Course will focus on relationships between public policy and education; recognizing policy issues; and relating policy initiatives to student welfare. Students will develop an understanding of the importance of sound planning in maintaining school, community, and media relations.
ELPA 5820 - Introduction to Higher Education in America
(3 credits) The course examines major trends, policies, issues, and challenges facing colleges and universities from a variety of perspectives, including historical, administrative, public policy, governance, and faculty.
(3 credits) This course is designed to provide student personnel practitioners with a basic understanding of legal issues and principles they confront in their daily work. Legal issues and cases relevant for student affairs professionals including the responsibilities of administrators and educators to act within the law are addressed.
ELPA 5823 - Program Planning and Budgeting in Higher Education
(3 credits) This course is designed to create opportunities for the student to gain understanding of how higher education institutions are financed, use finances, and how middle level administrators engage in financial issues. Using a discussion and exploration instructional technique, an in-depth examination of the state of higher education finances not only in the United States but across the globe will enhance the student’s understanding of comparable issues facing higher education administrators at all levels.
(3 credits) This seminar focuses on current practices in educational leadership as they relate to the organization and administration of educational programs serving diverse populations. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the educational leader in promoting the concept of lifelong learning in the organization and the politics of education. (fall, summer)
(3 credits) An examination of problems and issues in supervision. Emphasizes evolving concepts of supervision and strategies and practices of promoting instructional change.
(3 credit hours)Prerequisites: Admission to the doctoral program in Educational Leadership. Provides experiences for professional educators to differentiate and refine standard academic writing for publication. This course emphasizes style and citation as directed by the American Psychological Association, while guiding education professionals in individual writing development.
(6 credits) A course integrating the various competencies of interpersonal relations into the school leader’s repertoire. Student’s skills in collecting and managing the flow of information, motivating others, becoming sensitive to human needs and concerns, and communicating effectively in both oral and written modalities will be refined within the context of course activities.
ELPA 6106 - Instructional Leadership through Coaching and Mentoring
(3 credits) This course is designed to introduce to the student basic strengths, rigor, benefits, ideologies, and assets involved in developing, adapting, and enforcing a system/school mentoring program as well as curriculum coaching endeavors. Students will learn skills and techniques necessary for service as a coach or a mentor in their grade levels, departments, and schools. Further, candidates will exhibit leadership skills and traits as they develop and facilitate learning communities in their schools.
ELPA 6108 - Leadership for Differentiating Classrooms
(3 credits) The course critically analyzes the current best research - based practices in pedagogy and assessment for learning and their subsequent implications on differentiated instruction practices in a classroom. In addition to constructing knowledge about the content, processes, and product of differentiated instruction, the student will integrate the concepts in instructional practices. Further students will explore how school leaders can facilitate the change process in their schools as they learn how to develop personalized instruction for diverse learners.
ELPA 6200 - Emerging Perspectives Influencing the School
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100 or ELPA 6100. Course will critically analyze philosophical and cultural issues reflective of the local, regional, national, and global social contexts of which the schools are a part. Students will learn legal and regulatory applications of school leadership. Budget planning, development, and implementation will be examined as a logical outgrowth of environmental context influencing schools.
(1 credit)Prerequisites:ELPA 6450, ELPA 6954, ELPA 6951, ELPA 6872, or CUAI 5281, ELPA 6452. This seminar is one of the required leadership core courses. The course should not be taken before 30 credits of the educational specialist program have been completed. The course must be completed during the period of residency with the approval of the student’s advanced graduate advisory committee chair. The seminar provides students with the opportunity to complete and present the results of their culminating project for the Ed.S. degree.
ELPA 6300 - Professional Needs of Individuals and Groups
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100/ELPA 5200 or ELPA 6100/ELPA 6200 Course increases student knowledge of measurement and evaluation of school outcomes; student guidance and development; adult learner development and learning patterns; foundations of the field of continuing professional development.
ELPA 6400 - Developing Learners Through Instructional Leadership
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100, ELPA 5200, ELPA 5300, or ELPA 6100, ELPA 6200, ELPA 6300. Course will address skills and competencies necessary for formulating goals with individuals or groups; planning for organizational change; planning and scheduling resource allocation and utilization; planning, developing, and implementing instructional programs, and assessing school curricula within a changing environment.
(3 credits) The purpose of this seminar is to develop a more in-depth understanding of theory and research related to the study of leadership. Although there will be a brief review of traditional theories from traditional approaches (trait, behavioral, etc.) through contemporary approaches (situational, transformational, symbolic, etc.), the focus of this class is on “cuttingedge” ideas. Students are strongly encouraged to explore nontraditional approaches to thinking about how leadership can be conceptualized, explored, and understood, as well as how to relate their ideas to current models. Emphasis will be given to student-initiated exploration of themes which underlie leadership. (fall, spring)
ELPA 6451 - Strategic Planning and School-Based Decision-Making
(3 credits) An examination of the theory behind strategic planning and schoolbased management and an examination of the implementation of the concepts in America’s schools.
(3 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 6450 or permission of instructor. Students will study the elements that contribute to the development of effective organizational. The course will focus on the critical importance of leadership in creating organizational cultures and will stress the importance of developing a shared vision within the organization. Students will learn strategies for developing organizational cultures that promote reflection, action, and the continuous improvement of performance.
(3 credits) The purpose of this seminar is to develop a more in-depth understanding of ethical theories and ideas relevant to the educational leader. The course provides an opportunity for self-examination of personal views, beliefs and values and the impact of those thoughts on personal leadership development. The course provides a historical perspective to the development of ethical thought, the evolution of ethical thinking through the centuries, and consideration of current ethical decision-making and dilemmas for leaders. The course qualifies as a guided elective in Educational Leadership for doctoral students in all concentrations except the administrative endorsement. (fall)
ELPA 6454 - Policy, Power, and Politics in Education
(3 credits) This course critically examines the interrelationship of the formal and informal political and social forces that influence the development of federal, state, and local educational policy in the United States. Emphasis will be given to the development of individual strategies to influence educational policy within the democratic process.
ELPA 6500 - Implementation Strategies: Making It Happen
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100, ELPA 5200, ELPA 5300, ELPA 5400 or ELPA 6100, ELPA 6200, ELPA 6300, ELPA 6400. Course will approach problem resolution as logical outgrowth of problem analysis, judgment formulation, plan implementation, task delegation, and resource management. Students will learn how to facilitate sound decision-making within the entire school community.
. This course involves fieldwork under the guidance of a mentor who has achieved certification from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. The mentor and student will collaboratively plan and implement a plan of professional development that will lead to the development of the NBPTS portfolio. Much of the collaborative work will occur in the school of the student, although periodic seminars will be held. A secondary focus of the course will be on the mentoring process and the essential elements in an effective mentor/student relationship.
(3 credits)Prerequisites:CUAI 5215 and ELPA 6555; Corequisites:CUAI 5216. This course is a continuation of ELPA 6555, involves work under the guidance of a mentor who has achieved certification from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. The mentor and student will continue to implement a plan of professional development that will lead to the development of the NBPTS portfolio. Much of the collaborative work will occur in the school of the student, although periodic seminars will be held. Students will present their portfolios to their colleagues and complete practice assessments that parallel the National Board Certification Process. Additional emphasis will be given to the role of mentoring in fostering school-based professional development.
ELPA 6558 - Innovative Practices in Classroom Leadership
(3 credits) This seminar is designed to acquaint students with innovative practices related to leadership in schools that promote classroom instruction. Class sessions will include participation of innovative teacher-leaders from different school systems. The topics for this seminar will change from semester to semester but will include topics of current relevance to classroom teachers. (fall)
(3 credits) Through activities in this course students will explore their leadership skills specifically related to forming compatible, achieving groups capable of completing tasks to complement the organizational vision. Students will examine the classic and contemporary literature on topics affecting groups such as conflict, collaboration, negotiation, power issues, decision-making, compromise strategies, and team-building.
(3 credits) The principal purpose of this seminar is to show the process by which planned change occurs in educational organizations through the application of behavioral science knowledge. The focus of organizational development is on the ability of organization members to diagnose and solve their own problems. Organizational development addresses a broad range of topics, including the effects of change, the methods of organizational change, and the factors influencing organizational development success.
(3 credits) This course is designed to acquaint students with the development of adult learning and education in this country and the resulting social, political, and economic implications. Students analyze theory, research, and practice as a basis for improving the learning environments of formal and nonformal adult education programs. (fall)
(3 credits) This course involves fieldwork under the direction of a practicing organizational leader. The supervising faculty member from the department serves as a liaison between the university and professionals at the placement site. (fall, spring, summer)
ELPA 6600 - Shaping the Quality and Character of the Institution
(6 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 5100, ELPA 5200, ELPA 5300, ELPA 5400, ELPA 5500 or ELPA 6100, ELPA 6200, ELPA 6300, ELPA 6400, ELPA 6500. Course will focus on relationships between public policy and education; recognizing policy issues; and relating policy initiatives to student welfare. Students will develop an understanding of the importance of sound planning in maintaining school, community, and media relations.
(3 credits) A basic course for special and general supervisors and supervising principals with emphasis on a multidimensional approach to supervision. Related application of theory to practice.
(3 credits) Includes the history and development of major administrative theories. Emphasizes the use of these theories in administering an organization. (spring, summer)
(3 credits) Includes history of legal provisions for public education in the United States and school legislation in Tennessee. In a seminar setting, the class identifies and analyzes trends in legislation, case law, precedent, and interpretation as these factors influence and are influenced by the changing role of education in modern life. Emphasizes, but is not limited to, the school law of Tennessee and neighboring states. (summer)
(3 credits) Emphasis on planning, financing, and utilizing the school plant. Consideration is given to forms and surfaces, flexibility, machines and furniture, and equipment. Operation and administration of transportation are included.
(3 credits) Federal, state, and local financing of schools; equalization of education opportunity; sources of school revenue; school budgets; and business methods of accounting are included.
(3 credits) Course deals with human resource problems of staff and students from the administrator’s point of view: records, test score use, assignment, recruitment, professional negotiations, insurance, fringe benefits, guidance programs, etc.
ELPA 6870 - Field Research in Educational Leadership
(3 credits)Prerequisites:EDFN 5950 or equivalent. Students will take an active part in the collection and analysis of research data of importance to educational leaders. Students will also take an active part in the writing of research reports and dissemination of findings. Students should check with the instructor prior to enrolling in this course.
ELPA 6872 - Technology Applications for Educational Leaders
(3 credits) The course is designed to provide the student with state-of-the-art knowledge of computer technology related to administration, research, statistics, peripheral interfaces, personal productivity, and basic programming in administration and management. (fall, spring, summer)
(3 credits) This Internetbased seminar will explore a variety of current issues in distance education, including: teaching and learning theory; faculty concerns; curriculum; technical delivery systems; organization and administration; copyright regulations; student profiles and reactions; and consortial efforts to deliver distance education programs.
ELPA 6951 - Seminar in Research Analysis and Interpretation
(3 credits)Prerequisites:EDFN 5950 or equivalent. This seminar provides a forum for discussion of current research relevant to educational leaders. Students will learn the principles of research interpretation through an examination of the current literature and will concurrently learn to conduct appropriate analyses of research data using computer technology.
(3 credits)Prerequisites:EDFN 5950 or equivalent. This course introduces the methods and concepts of action research. Action research is presented as a reflective process used by practicing classroom teachers to identify and solve problems of importance in the classroom. Action research is approached as a professional development activity that allows teachers to discover the complexities in teaching and offers suggestions for improving learning. (fall, spring)
(3 credits) The purpose of this course is to develop an understanding of the process by which policy is formulated, analyzed, implemented, and evaluated. The focus will be on such actions as undertaken by policy analysts in and out of government. The methodological issues and techniques used to accommodate the major social, economic political, and behavioral aspects of policy analysis in an organizational context will be discussed. (fall)
(3 credits)Prerequisites:EDFN 5950 or equivalent. This course prepares students as critical, reflective evaluators of educational programs. Students are provided an introduction to the many activities associated with development, implementation, and assessment of educational program evaluation. They subsequently demonstrate their knowledge of evaluation methodology and design by formulating and implementing an evaluation plan for an existing educational program. Students present their evaluation plans and outcomes during class for critical analysis and assessment.
(3 credits) This course examines the possibilities for additional funding through grant development. Students use newsletters, foundation and government publications, as well as the Internet, to locate sources of funding. Interviews are conducted with persons who have had previous success in receiving grant funding. The course also emphasizes refinement of writing skills, development of an organizational vision, goal-setting, political realities, and public relations techniques. Budget development with software options as well as audit protocol will also be explored. Presentation and team-building skills are another critical dimension to successful grant funding and implementation. (spring, summer)
ELPA 7110 - Community Colleges in the United States
(3 credits) This course emphasizes the history, philosophy, and contemporary nature of community colleges in terms of organization and administration, students, faculty, curriculum and instruction, finance, and issues and trends.
ELPA 7220 - Supervising Community College Curriculum Planning
(3 credits) A study of program planning at the community college level; includes a study of the relationship between secondary curriculum and community college curriculum; considers trends in curriculum development of reform, materials of instruction, and supervision at the community college level.
(3 credits) This course emphasizes statistics for use in educational research: measures of central tendency, variation, rank, and correlation; the normal curve and probability; testing differences between means; analysis of variance; and nonparametric procedures. (fall, spring)
(3 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 7810 and EDFN 5950 (or equivalents). This course builds on the foundations of research and statistics and introduces multivariate statistical techniques commonly used in educational research. It develops skills in parametric and nonparametric analysis, survey design and scale construction, database development and management, and the use of statistical analysis packages. (spring, summer)
(3 credits)Prerequisites:EDFN 5950 (or equivalents). This course provides an introduction to the qualitative research process. Qualitative research is examined in this course through 1) reading 2) personal reflection, and 3) inquiry activities. The basic concepts and methods of qualitative research are studied through collaborative, constructivist activities. The qualitative research process is presented as a series of ongoing and overlapping activities. Topics include the identification of the assumptions that support the qualitative research, the identification of research questions, the use of theory in the research process, participant selection, methods of data collection, data analysis strategies and tools (including the use of microcomputers), and the reporting of results. (fall, spring, summer)
(3 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 7810 and EDFN 5950, and ELPA 7811 or ELPA 7812 (or equivalents). This course is designed to strengthen knowledge and skills necessary to conduct, understand, evaluate, and utilize advanced research in the field of educational leadership. It provides a forum for students to engage in critical thinking and reflection as they begin working on their dissertation prospectus. (fall, spring, summer)
(3 credits)Prerequisites:ELPA 7812. This course is designed to build on the introductory knowledge of ELPA 7812, Qualitative Research, with an in-depth examination of the five traditions of qualitative inquiry; those traditions are biography, ethnography, phenomenology, case study, and grounded theory. (spring)
(3 credits) This course emphasizes the administration, financial support, staffing, community relations, and program development in higher education; includes objectives and trends in American higher education, organizational patterns, and community colleges. (fall)
(3 credits) This course provides an examination of the legal issues that impact and influence American higher education. The objective of this course is to provide students with an overview of the subject areas of law most relevant to higher education and to introduce students to methods of legal analysis and decision-making. The course will emphasize the legal environment of postsecondary institutions, legal processes, analysis, and problems incurred in the administration of colleges and universities. (spring)
(3 credits) This course provides students with an overview of the financial management of two-year and four-year colleges and universities. Students learn about the financial reporting, budgeting, and asset management processes for higher education institutions. Additionally, students examine contemporary funding issues for public and private postsecondary institutions. (spring)
ELPA 7825 - Academic Writing for Dissertation Research
(3 credit hours)Prerequisites:ELPA 7813 This course builds on the foundations of research and introduces students to formal academic writing for dissertation research. Students will develop a research proposal that includes: an introduction, a literature review, and a method or research design section.
(1-3 credits) This is a course that is required of all students who have completed the number of credits of Dissertation (7960) specified in their program of study but have not completed the dissertation and MUST be taken each semester (three credits) until the dissertation is approved. Additionally, students who are not enrolled in other coursework but require the use of university facilities and/or faculty guidance for studies, research, or preparation of a prospectus, thesis, or dissertation MUST enroll for three credits of Readings and Research. Variable credits (1-3) of Readings and Research may also be used, as approved by the student’s advisory committee in conjunction with other coursework, to receive credit for such activities as preparation of designated papers or development of research and scholarly skills that would not be appropriately covered by other types of independent study. Grading of Readings and Research will be either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. (fall, spring, summer)
MEDA 5000 - History and Philosophy of Educational Media and Educational Technology
(3 credits) A web-based introduction to information science theory and fundamentals of educational technology and computing. The course examines the social, cultural, historical, and political ramifications related to information and to the invention, adoption, and diffusion of technology in education. The impact of technology on information and the ethical treatment of information in a technologically enhanced school environment are examined. (fall)
(3 credits) Foundations of instructional technology appropriate to educational applications, including computers, other related media, and instructional design. Stresses knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to implement and manage technology in educational environments. Hands-on experience is provided through the course laboratory. Students plan, implement, and evaluate educational technology for use in education. (fall, spring, summer)
(3 credits) A study of the basic elements of multimedia including text, graphic art, sound, animation, and video. This course will cover the methods of creating each of the elements of multimedia, and how to combine them into meaningful units for maximum effect. The instruction will be interactive and project oriented. Teamwork and good design will be emphasized. (Cross-listed with CSCI 5517) (fall)
(3 credits)Prerequisites:MEDA 5520; senior standing in Computer Science or permission of instructor. Survey of methods in computer-based authoring systems. This course will cover the design, implementation, and evaluation of computer-based training modules using one or more authoring systems. Emphasis will be on the use of hypermedia and multimedia tools, analysis of instructional goals and their evaluation, and using the World Wide Web for delivery of instruction. Laboratory experiences and group projects will be integral parts of this course. (spring)
MEDA 5540 - Principles of Instructional Design and Production
(3 credits) This course concentrates on the systematic planning and production of instructional resources designed to meet client specifications. Computer-based media production and desktop presentations are included. Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): MEDA 5700 and MEDA 5530. (fall)
(3 credits) This course deals with the analysis, evaluation, and use of library media for children. It strives to relate these media to the needs and interests of children as well as to the school curriculum. (variable) (spring)
(3 credits) This course will survey a wide variety of young adult literature in many formats. Students will preview materials for educational, informational, and literary use by young adults. Course will also cover literary genres, award-winning literature, popular authors, critical selection and analysis, and knowledge of age-level developmental stages. Emphasis will be the application in the school library media setting. (fall)
MEDA 5640 - Multicultural Materials for Children and Young Adults
(3 credits) An introduction to the area of cross-cultural literature through the examination of cultural pluralism and prejudice as manifested in literature and media for youth. This course will survey a wide variety of children and young adult literature in many formats. Criteria for the evaluation of multicultural content and ways to introduce multicultural media into library programs will be explored. (summer)
MEDA 5680 - Organizations and Administration of Instructional Technology Programs
(3 credits) This course deals with the organization, administration, evaluation, and implementation of instructional technology programs and services for education and training. (fall)
(3 credits) This course offers an examination, analysis, and comparison of various online databases. Administrative and other related issues will be addressed. Extensive online searching will be required. (summer)
MEDA 5700 - Instructional Role of Educational Media and Educational Technology
(3 credits) Introduction to the skills of teaching as they relate to the school library media setting and to the use of educational technology. Students will learn how to design, develop, and evaluate an appropriate unit of instruction; develop and conduct a needs assessment; identify learning objectives; analyze learner characteristics; employ instructional strategies; and conduct evaluations. Field Experience Required: Ten (10) Hours. (fall)
MEDA 5710 - School Library Media Program Development and Management
(3 credits)Prerequisites:MEDA 5720. Roles, functions, and organization of school library media programs: administrative aspects, professional responsibilities, systematic program planning and evaluation, building instructional team partnerships with teachers and others, and integration of the library program into the curriculum. Management of operational aspects of school library media centers, including program development facilities, budget, personnel, materials, and equipment. Field Experience Required: Ten (10) Hours. (spring)
MEDA 5715 - Instructional Role of the School Library Media Specialist
(3 credits)Prerequisites:MEDA 5000. Exploration of the instructional role of the school library media specialist in teaching and learning. Examines relationship of learning theories, curriculum design, and information literacy standards. Field Experience Required: Ten (10) hours.
(3 credits) An introduction to descriptive cataloging, classification, and subject analysis. Cataloging and processing book and non-book materials using integrated library system software. Emphasis will be on the organization of information in a school library environment. Classes will be a combination of lecture and in-class exercises. Field Experience Required: Ten (10) Hours. (fall)
(3 credits) An introduction to the role and functions of the information manager in educational organizations with emphasis on use, retention, and management of information and records. (spring)
(3 credits) Identification and evaluation of information networks in libraries and other educational settings. Focuses on the nature of networks including hardware and software applications. Field Experience Required: Five (5) Hours. (fall)
MEDA 5850 - Organizing and Managing Content on the Internet
(3 credits) Integration, organization, and management of information content as it related to the design of Web pages. Basic ftp, server, and HTML commands and functions, as well as popular authoring programs, will be utilized to design, develop, and organize projects. (summer)
(5 credits)Prerequisites:MEDA 5710, MEDA 5720, and MEDA 5635. The culminating experience for School Library Media/Library Professional Certificate programs. The practicum experience involves student participation in a professional field work setting under the supervision of a designated on-site supervisor and the university practicum director. The practicum is built on the standards set forth in Empowering Learners: Guidelines for School Library Media Programs (AASL/AECT, 2009) in five critical content areas: (1) Leader, (2) Teacher (3) Instructional Partner, (4) Information Specialist and (5) Program Administrator. (spring, summer, fall)
MEDA 5930 - Practicum with Seminar in Educational Communications and Technology
(2 credits) The culminating experience for the Educational Communications and Technology Concentration. Students will complete a practicum of at least 30 hours, working in coordination with a site supervisor and an Educational Media and Educational Technology faculty member. (fall, spring)
MEDA 5950 - Research in Educational Media and Educational Technology
(3 credits) Introduction to the research process, including problem identification, hypothesis testing, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results. Emphasis on research methods and on critical evaluation of reported research in the fields of school library media and educational technology. (fall)
(1-6 credits)Prerequisites: Dependent on subject matter. Selected topics of current interest in media services. Offered upon sufficient demand for specific subject matter. May be repeated for different topics. Consultation with the instructor is recommended before enrollment. (summer)
(3 credits) Study of practical aspects of English syntax, semantics, and usage. Emphasis on the teaching of grammar and usage for those seeking teacher certification.
(3 credits)Prerequisites: Either ENGL 3100 or 4120. Study of regional and social language variation, including dialect geography and sociolinguistics. Emphasis on linguistic features of Appalachian dialects.